He has participated in research funded by the Arnold P. He gives professional talks, such as grand rounds and medical conference plenary lectures, and receives honoraria from conference organizers. serves as Senior editor for PM&R Journal. is a medical consultant for Globus Medical and Bioventus. The authors declare no conflict of interest. However, this involved substandard platelet concentration and dosage, limiting researchers to the conclusion that plasma concentrates rather than platelet-rich plasma is ineffective for acute hamstring injuries. A similar lack of clinical results is observed in the management of acute hamstring injuries in competitive and recreational athletes with intramuscular platelet-rich plasma. Despite this finding, based on the systematic review of post-procedure protocols following platelet-rich plasma injections, weight bearing limitation or activity limitation has been imposed immediately after the injection of platelet-rich plasma and up to 7 days and return to play restricted up to 4-6 weeks. A meta-analysis, including five randomized controlled trials, suggests that the use of platelet-rich plasma may result in an earlier return to sport in the treatment of acute grade I or II muscle strains, excluding those isolated to the hamstring muscle. Platelet-rich plasma is commonly used for sports medicine injuries given the mechanism of action to stimulate tissue healing, reduce pain, without concerns of cellular toxicity. Emerging research suggests that extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) may represent an effective treatment to address sports-related injuries for in-season athletes and accelerate return to play. Identifying methods to treat injuries that exert positive clinical effects within 3 months would be desirable for in-season athletes. Surgical management is typically reserved for off-season athletes, as recovery commonly requires a substantial rehabilitation period of 6 to 9 months post-operatively. Athletic injuries can be challenging to treat in-season, with unpredictable healing times following treatment interventions. These injuries include, but are not limited to, muscle strains, tendinopathies, and injuries to bone. Studies suggest that a higher rate of injuries are sustained during the pre-season and during competitions. Back-to-back competitions with limited recovery time, along with travelling across multiple time zones, are inherent challenges. An athlete’s health and availability to train and compete at an optimal performance level is a growing focus for professional sports organizations.
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